《Сито》

На степовому зійшли перші сніги, білий килим на полі бою

На самоті я блукаю містом, для почуття ще шукаю

Людська ріка, кругом тихо; Ще в серці, не спокіно.

Війна, правда, чудове решето;

їх і нас; порожній і правдивий розділяє чисто.

Геополітика, міркування негайно відкинь їх від мене,

Тільки бажаю, щоб на світі була одна “знає себе.”

Серце усвідомило, i хочу тримати

Нaжаль, скарб вже експортували…

《Minivans》

Born it was, in the Reagan years, a transport innovation;

The sluggish box most popular

‘Mid the housewives of the nation.

*

Waiting in ranks for our regiments –

Like parrots or swarming monkeys –

As we fled scholastic prisonment.

*

Laden with bags and boxes, canoe on rooftop tossed,

Upon some holiday voyage –

Delights, in later ages lost.

*

A taxi for the hockey team

And sticks and skates and grub to nosh;

What, to the driver, did all those errands seem?

*

A steed safe and sturdy, but without pretense;

Choice carriage of suburban moms

Zealous, fretful, yet full of sense.

*

How silly now seem the petty fears

That wracked our minds in yonder years;

An era’s symbols: quite mundane,

And yet we’d wish them all come back again.

“關閉我們的天空”

二月爆發侵略戰,
歐聯富豪出冷汗
揮著藍黃自由旗,
國際論壇多爭議。
烏軍士兵太勇武,
打到俄國難進入;
但是俄人多狡猾,
火箭日夜來轟炸。
我國總統要外援,
跪求西方導彈盾。
嘆息今天德、法、意
不如祖先滿志氣;
一群現代大懦夫,
男兒樣子全空虛;
只要咱們守前線,
柏林巴黎睡安穩:
烏克蘭女最美麗,
俄國煤氣最便宜。

Undine

by MG. Warenycia

If it weren’t for the row of houses – old, small, yet fiercely guarded against development – she could have been watching the Lake as she ate, but the little donut shop, decorated in a rainbow of browns back when the first Trudeau was Prime Minister, was not meant for pleasurable dining. Gemma Bledsoe, who never wrote her surname except on government forms, liked the place for its authenticity. For a graduate of the Ontario College of Art and Design, authenticity was of prime importance; something one sought and claimed sole authority to determine. Dingy independent establishments over which the atmosphere of vintage malaise hung like cigarette smoke were perfect, although, ironically, there was always a suspicious shortage of actual working class folk (to say nothing of the exotically sketchy lumpenproletariat) in the spots where her middle-class hipster peers gathered to claim street cred. Gemma was different, at least when she needed a breather from the endless run of projects, dates, dinner parties, gallery shows, drinks, more drinks, and, above all, the shifts without a workplace of which only the fruits appeared on social media. Facebook and Instagram she checked frequently but updated less and less. She came to the donut shop because none of her friends would bother to venture so far from their own haunts to slurp coffee that was mere “coffee,” and the closest thing to a latte was adding extra creamer to the Stygian liquid that the swarthy, mustachioed owner brewed up in an ancient urn.

The shop had never been reviewed by BlogTO or NarCity, but its customers were unlikely to read either publication, if they were aware of their existence. This customer base was utterly unchanging through the decades and completely different depending on the hour, beginning with construction and municipal workers arriving before the late autumn sun, then office workers, students, cops, retirees from lowly professions, students again, drunk partygoers, cops again, homeless schizos and workers in the oldest profession, before it all started again. One wondered what Stavros, or Radovan, or whatever his name was mixed into his own coffee, or whether he derived certain mysterious powers from the stern-faced figures whose gilt and cross-emblazoned images adorned the wall beside the counter along with stock photos of whatever southeastern European country he hailed from. Gemma used to be able to relieve her mind by just sitting and observing people while she worked halfheartedly on an assignment or doodled in her sketchbook. At some point – she wasn’t sure when – she’d imperceptibly lost the intriguing sensation of being an observer and had started to see herself as being part of the same painting, so to speak, as all the other characters for whom the shop served as a connecting node. She ceased to feel strange and out of place. This disturbed her, because the world she was presently munching a crueler in was not the same world as existed, physically, in the space around her. Not as far as she would admit. Instead of visiting this world like a tourist, the gallery shows and gastro pubs were becoming excursions into a territory which she knew but which was slipping away from her, like a cake glimpsed through the oven door that is failing to rise even as its crust is well-browned. Even her apartment, or, rather, the room she occupied in a Victorian Bay & Gable on D’Arcy Street was detaching itself from her universe, as if it had a mind of its own.

“Ugh!” She banished the thought with a growl that noone noticed and smothered it with a Boston crème, the crisp dark chocolate and sickly sweet custard doing an excellent job of restoring her mood to confident ignorance. It was rare for Gemma to touch any of the crude pastries sitting in ranks in their plexiglass case. It was rare that she ate what most people would consider a ‘meal.’ Today was different, however. With relish, she mashed the remaining portion of the crueler into her pale, thin hand and gulped it down. A hum in her handbag told of a phone call. Gemma waited. Several short throbs: text messages. In enough time for someone to get slightly bored and put their phone in their pocket, she drew out hers and read, ignoring the backlog of emails, ‘likes’ and other alters cluttering the top of the screen.

It was Brittany, as expected. She said she was at the beach where they were supposed to meet. The next message said that it was cold. She hadn’t brought her parka. Gemma gazed out the window. The Core’s glassy spires stabbed into a faience void, pure as a colour swatch in a booklet of paint samples. However, her artist’s eye noted a subtle variation of tint towards the south, over the Lake. More than one among the pedestrians walking by unconsciously tucked their hands into their pockets or pulled their zippers closer to their chins. The trees still wore their green finery, but the scent of fall, which, in Toronto, is basically winter, had crept into the air. Without haste, Gemma wiped her lips, balled up her napkin and left. On the way out the door, she knocked shoulders with a face familiar yet forgotten: a former high school classmate, now a TA up the street from OCAD at Ryerson. He, for his part, did a double take, which caught the eye of his companion. Interrupting their discussion of the job market and their respective girlfriends, the one explained to the other why he stared, who Gemma was, along with two or three anecdotes from school which seemed to reveal why she was only ever glimpsed by him and the other alumni of those days in fleeting and wordless encounters. It was all well that the other fellow also saw something worth contemplating in the almost spectrally lean figure that strode past them with unflinching purpose, shawl flapping in the northward-blowing breeze, eyes burning yet without a trace of warmth…for this momentary distraction prevented them from noticing the inordinate amount of time the proprietor took to respond to their order, giving his attention instead to the gold-embellished pictures on the wall, mumbling stilted words…not “how can I help you?”…not even English. If they had noticed, they might have had a lot more questions with their meal.

Brittany revealed herself before she saw her friend. Of course, it was difficult for her to hide anywhere, the more so on a temperate beach on a weekday afternoon with nobody but the odd dog-walk, jogger, or melancholy poet passing along the strand. It is possible for a woman to capture the attention of men by the possession of certain large and dramatic elements of her anatomy, often coupled with expensive and scanty clothing. It is also possible (though less common) for her to capture the attention of both sexes by a whole-package type of beauty; the sort which provokes an impression based on stimulating a vague but profound plethora of thoughts, concepts and passions, very few of which are comprehended by the one who experiences them; a beauty that perfectly embodies an ideal and is desired as such, completely irrespective of anything like personality or history. Those entranced or envious of such beauty probably cannot describe it or why they are drawn to it, and it is from this uncertainty that the majority of its power derives. A smaller but significant component originates in the aspects more amenable to description by words, such as the toss of butter-blonde tresses, the pout of glossy rosette lips, a glimmer in a naive and adventurous eye, and a quirk in the step and the smile.

“Sorry I’m late, Gemma flashed an uncharacteristically apologetic smile. Half stumbling as her chunky heels dug into the soft sand, “Sometimes you just get into a mood with something, you know, and it takes forever to work yourself up to do anything. Didn’t expect it to be so chilly…”

“It’s okay,” Brittany grinned, bouncing as she spoke, as if to reassure her friend that she wasn’t being sarcastic. “Really. I don’t get down to the beach, like, at all anymore, I mean, since the summer, but, you know. Yeah…” She cast her eyes outward, to where the impenetrable grey-green waters curled and frothed over the jetties and breakwaters of concrete blocks and wire-caged stones. A painter – which both women were – would have seized upon the contrast between the sublime gloom of the landscape and the golden smile of the subject whose already-eventful life had somehow not yet fully changed her from ‘girl’ to ‘woman.’ Gemma saw, and remembered sketchbooks she’d filled years ago, when the two lived in a sharehouse on Baldwin Street with five or six other students; how they had sat up into the wee hours on rainy nights, rendering each other in charcoal and aquarelle. Gemma had been the first to present her work. Brittany, delighted, immediately posted it to social media and was deluged with likes and comments about the talent of the artist who so perfectly captured her contradiction of angelic warmth and wild vivacity. The comments boosted Gemma’s ego. It took all her rigorously cultivated reserves of self-control to preserve her mask of gratitude when Brittany, who worked more slowly, handed Gemma her own sketchbook forty minutes later. There was some skill in the pen and brushwork, to be fair, and this made it all the worse to see the precisely depicted lines of fatigue and the sallow hues on cheek and brow, as well as the purplish tints under the eyes and where the network of tattoos merged on her throat. A trip to the bathroom and the mirror confirmed Brittany’s cruel gift for observation. Shortly thereafter, Gemma moved into her condo, paid for by a professor who was also a gallery owner. Many things happened, but she kept the sketches…

“Ah, ‘scuse me, is this your friend?” A stooped, turban-clad youth, eyes wide as dinner plates called out, approaching them from the direction of a clapboard cabin that sat atop the beach, not far from where the girls stood.

“Oh, hey, yeah, listen – “ Brittany waved as he came up to them. “I don’t mind if there’s a mix up and you can’t find the reservation. I don’t mind paying the different.” She nodded towards the Lake. “It doesn’t look like we’ll get many more weekends before winter, and I’m dying to get out on the water.”

“Huh,” Gemma stammered; “Who is this guy?” But a glance at the sign on the shack told her the gist of what must be the case.

“I, uh, I work here. Your friend – “ the sheepish man was crowded out by Brittany’s energy.

“I told him we had a reservation from last week. I figured, if I could fill out the paperwork for the canoe rental, I could save us a bunch of time and we could just head right out once you got here.”

“Oh,” Gemma quickly composed herself, trying to communicate her reluctance.

“It’s alright. Anyways, I saw on your website it’s a 20% discount for reservations. ‘She works hard for her money,’” she chuckled, hands firmly on her hips. “So…if you could check again maybe?!?”

“Oh, no, yeah, you’re right, that’s company policy,” the boat rental employee was easily overwhelmed. Too, he was cognizant of the slowing of business during the recent spate of bad weather and that he was still in his three-month probationary period. He sized up the racks of brightly coloured kayaks, canoes and paddle boards that surrounded his crude ‘office’ and hurried back, shouting over his shoulder: “I…I’ll check the accounts from last week; maybe your reservation will show in in there…sometimes we forget to update the schedule; change of shifts ‘n stuff like that, eh?”

As the attendant disappeared beneath the signboard bearing a pastiche of the Jolly Roger with two crossed paddles in place of the bones, Brittany turned to Gemma. “I forgot. He said I should be wearing a drysuit? Like the scuba diver outfit or something. They rent them for twenty bucks. I mean, it’s not mandatory, but, he said, if this got wet – “ she tugged at her layered outfit, comprising denim vest, cotton sweatshirt hoodie, and an array of necklaces and bracelets. Her expression suggested Gemma, too, might consider renting a drysuit, given her present wardrobe.

“Nevermind.” Gemma took her friend by the arm and led her to a grove of shaggy willows, so that they were out of sight of the boat rental shack. “Why did you talk to him already? We don’t have a reservation.”

“Huh? But I could swear…”

“I said, I’d reserved a boat, yes, but when did I ever tell you it was at these people, Paddle Pirates or whatever?”

“I dunno. Come on, it’s the only canoe rental place on the beach.”

“Ugh…” Gemma continued leading her friend northeastwards up the shore. The houses moved further back as the sense of old money permeated the atmosphere. “You remember Sophie?”

“Sophie Belzer? From high school? Def.”

“Yes! Okay, so, I knew her grandpa from community events…” Gemma relayed an anecdote of an NDP rally during the previous federal election, when the favoured part of downtown activists and academics valiantly captured 37 of the 308 seats in Parliament, much to the cheers of those in the riding of Beaches-East York who didn’t sell out and jump on the Liberal bandwagon. The late Professor Belzer’s granddaughter Sophie was friendly with Gemma as with almost everyone from their tight-knit school circle and had offered the use of a canoe – a charming 16-foot Peterborough that the Belzers normally used as a collective resource whenever any of the clan was going on one of their excursions to a cottage or Provincial Park up north. Brittany had kept in touch with Sophie, albeit not closely: after high school, they’d sometimes met at dinner parties hosted by a mutual friend in Scarborough and, though they went to different universities, the worlds of Film Studies majors and Fine Arts have a great deal of overlap in Toronto.

The canoe was stored in a shed overlooked by a lot on which stood a slightly whimsical old house bulging with bay windows and decorated with painted wood and knickknacks. “He left Sophie the house, but she’s working this weekend,” Gemma explained.

“Oh…” Brittany cocked her head this way and that, like a bemused cat, as Gemma wrestled open the lock guarding the canoe they’d be ‘sailing,’ for lack of a better synonym on her mind. Sixteen feet sounded like a lot, although, in real life, it seemed so small and delicate. Regardless, the canoe was a thing of great beauty; a condensed fragment of the authentic Canadiana that City-dwellers often cherish and identify with but seldom ever manage to get more than a fleeting taste of. Its gracefully upswept prow, basketwork thwarts and gleaming hunter-green paint evoked memories – some one’s own, some imagined – of moose, maple syrup, beavers, catching sunfish from the dock, wood smoke, and the mournful cry of the nocturnal loon. Adventure, with just enough distance and risk of danger to excite the heart and facilitate self-discovery. Brittany knew she had made the right decision to skip yoga class for this.

It was a feat of acrobatics to climb inside the canoe without tipping it, but, once they were inside, two young women of slim build and good coordination had little difficulty in keeping the vessel upright and steering straight. Gemma, under protest against her mom (who needed her kept busy while she toiled at the office) had been forced to do her time in the Girl Guides in childhood. Now, she was grateful for the bushcraft skills she’d been taught which, though very basic, were infinitely beyond the ‘nothing’ that most of her peers and neighbours knew. Once they got away from the shore, the slender vessel cut the waves admirably and it didn’t take much effort to make swift progress on their westward course towards Toronto Island. There were plenty if inlets to land at there, if they got tired, and Gemma’s boyfriend would pick them up – he had an SUV they could strap the canoe on top of to bring it back.

Meanwhile, the two girlfriends, aided by the supremely meditative experience of paddling a canoe, fell naturally into the purpose of the voyage, which was not to travel (the subway would do for that) but the meditation itself; to savour the beauty of the City from an angle, literally and metaphorically, that their busy, stressful lives blinded them to, and to rekindle bonds grown cold amid the rat race.

After much small talk, Gemma set her compassionate eyes upon her friend’s deceptively buoyant visage as if to place her hand upon her shoulder: “Is everything okay?”

Stunned by the change in topic, Brittany did not answer at once, though one might have perceived a relaxing of the corners of her lips and a faint blush upon her cheeks.

“I understand…”

“You’re right…not everything…” Brittany asked herself, how could Gemma know, given they hadn’t met up or had a serious talk in almost a year?!?

As though in sympathy with their desires, the wind died down as the two girls shuffled as close as the needs of managing their craft would permit towards the middle of the hull, the better to talk about private and serious things, though there was nobody to hear them besides two or three cabin cruisers visible in the distance.

Those who knew Brittany best would have known how alien it was for her to pour out her heart to someone. Emotional though she was, she didn’t brood. She began by thanking Gemma for all she had taught her when they lived in the sharehouse together. As they struggled through the first year of OCAD, Gemma had warned that the classical oil painting of an Ingres of Delacroix (as much as a new student could imitate those old masters) would not go over well with the professors. And, of course, it is impossible for any creator to remain aloof from the theory and ideals of the movement they identify with aesthetically. Romanticism is the sworn enemy of the cynically secular, obscenely materialist souls that preside over the modern-day Academy in all the metropolises of Western Europe and the Americas. Gemma lamented the situation, but, it was what it was. Nonetheless, she encouraged Brittany to follow her passion, based on the thought that it would be easier for Brittany, since she was perfectly willing to earn her income from working at Starbucks or answering phones in an office, leaving her artwork as a hobby, whereas Gemma, by contrast, was not the sort who could live a life of compromises. “Probably since grade 10, 11,” Gemma reminisced in one of those midnight girl-to-girl sessions,” I knew that nine-to-five, whatever the job, it just wasn’t happening for me. And a husband? Hell no. Even then. I knew I just couldn’t. I live for me.”

Brittany listened with rapt attention. Despite the closeness of their ages – Gemma had been one of the wise and worldly grade 12s when Brittany entered grade 9 – there was an enormous gap in maturity between the two young women which must have been rooted in their fundamental natures. For, while Brittany had come from a rough and impoverished childhood and thus would (wrongly) have been assumed to possess abundant street smarts, Gemma grew up in bourgeois comfort (notwithstanding the lack of love between father and mother), and, while her family was not rich, she never had to impede her journey of self-actualization by flipping burgers in order to pay rent. Yet, the former was as a bright-eyed child before the austere sagacity of the latter, the Big Sister. Further credence to Gemma’s advice was lent by the fact that, as Brittany was well aware, there was no shortage of men eager to step in and ensure that Gemma would never have to earn her own avocado toast. Their promises (for, at that age, in such an expensive City, they could be only promises) however, did not interest Gemma, who scoffed at the perfume-seller’s son and even more at a fellow artist who spoke about becoming a lawyer, as though the daydreams of an inferior would taint her and prevent her from entering the Paradise which could only come from monkish devotion to an ideal.

Brittany may have been weak in religion but she was strong in faith: she took her ‘big sister’s’ advice, converting her room into a studio and hammering away at her craft even as she toiled for minimum wage. The failures piled up. Gemma nodded gravely as she listened…Yes, she had gathered things were not going well when she didn’t see a “graduated from – “ on Brittany’s Facebook, and when Brittany did not appear at events – the galas and shows where Gemma would be, dressed in one of her cocktail dresses, glass of rosé in hand, heels like daggers and eyes like a wolf; events which often carried on past when the AGO or R.O.M. closed and those who weren’t chained to mundane responsibilities would move the party to a townhouse on a leafy boulevard in the Annex or a luxury condo by the waterfront. Gemma felt for her poor eager friend and told her she could not blame herself. She knew that if you wanted to swim with that crowd, there would be many occasions when the next morning or, for that matter, the following evening, you could not stray far from bed (yours or someone else’s). As pleasant as Brittany was, no one was bidding for the chance to pay the rent on a condo for her…

“You lack…vision; you are but a technician, not an artist. I care about your happiness, which is why you should find some other outlet for your energies.” The words were said by the gallery director at the last occasion when Brittany was able to get her fine arts professor to vouch for one of her works to be included. The professor did not want to help her, but she had paid her tuition and, if she was not given the same assistance as other students, there might be grounds for a discrimination lawsuit. The gallery director meant his words with every appearance of sober reflection carved upon his face. Brittany’s chest felt hollow. Two or three big names – who she didn’t know except that they worse suits and tuxedos and received deference from every cluster of attendees whom they deigned to bless with their presence: they all agreed, each with the appearance of the utmost reluctance to condemn…alas! Condemn they must, if they were to do their duty!

Brittany frowned and sighed retelling it in the canoe. She had poured out hot tears on her walk home that fateful day. Her words softened till only her lips moved. Gemma suddenly heaved into her paddle and corrected their course with vigorous strokes that one would not expect her frail body to be capable of. “Go on, it’s okay,” Gemma reassured her companion. “Some of us, hey, it’s luck, Fate; call it whatever you want, nobody should judge you for what you have to do to make things work. Fall down, get back up. All we can do.” After making sure they were in no danger of being washed into the shoreline and that there were no other boats nearby that might ram them, she let the canoe drift and gave her full attention to her troubled friend. “And, you know, nobody will blame you for changing course. “Gemma recalled how she had not seen Brittany on any of the last few occasions where she had dropped in at the studio on campus, nor at the coworking space where she sometimes brought mostly finished works, that she might be seen to be labouring on something impressive. She thought, too, of Mr. Stein, of the bar in King Street – and a firm on Bay Street. Not that she knew the firm or cared whether it was accounting, law or real estate, and she was quite sure his real name was not “Bo” as she had heard his friends and the other girls at the Silver Flamingo call him. She grew uneasy, thinking of the swelling threat in her belly and how “Bo” did not respond to her texts, sometimes for a whole night. She asked herself, “But what if I told Lawrence that it was…?”

In apparent synchronicity with her mind, Brittany revived from her tearful stupor and spoke of the very man of whom Gemma was thinking. “ understands, at least…” This was known to them both for years. More recently, to Gemma, he was known as someone who ‘liked’ her posts religiously and was convinced that every work she did was a masterpiece, and that every photo she posted was speaking some profoundness of creativity and pensive beauty. She would not even consciously remember him without prompting, except that Mr. Stein from the King Street bar had not returned her last message for two days, did not follow her on social media, and the familiar discomfort in her stomach was becoming more insistent. She thought of her wardrobe and the photo shoots, which Nguyen was no longer given her the extra discount on. He said it was because the cost of developing film had gone up, but she had a mirror in her apartment. She knew the real reason. Once, two weeks ago, she had become so enraged that she scoured the Estée Lauder palette with the tip of her fingernail, gobbing it on the way one applies oil paint to canvas with a palette knife. Yet no quantity of cosmetics could enliven muscles slack from late nights and vile habits and no makeup has yet been produced with can return the impish sinfulness of a 17-year-old freshly entered upon the Big City’s scene – and market – to eyes which have seen much experience and been forever stained by practical concerns and frugal planning. Lawrence was dumb and desperate, though…he liked to feel like he was helping someone…how much more, if he could build a life with them, at least, for as long as they needed him…

“You’re right,” sighed Brittany. “You wouldn’t have seen my at the studio or the coworking space. It’s way too distracting. Like, people just go there to show off. You can’t actually get any work done. All the noise; people coming and going.” A look of disgust crossed her face.

Gemma smiled to herself: “Sour grapes,” she thought.

“Yeah, and OCAD, okay, so, full disclosure, I never graduated.”

Gemma squeezed the gunwale so hard that her tendons were numbed. If it weren’t for the letter from her landlord, she might have become worried by the umbrous cauliflower clouds rolling north. She grunted softly as she fought to hold herself from breaking out in laughter. “It’s alright. Oh my God! If you can’t let it out here, where else?”

“Thanks,” Brittany sneezed, pulling up the hood of her sweatshirt. Gemma hadn’t noticed before, but now she saw it was emblazoned with an illustration of a ram’s head and lettering in the blue and gold of Ryerson University. Odd, as Brittany had only ever attended OCAD, whose students consider themselves a breed apart. “Actually, I didn’t fail, I dropped out.”

“Yep,” Gemma confirmed in her mind. “Well, if that’s your way of trying to find a ‘win’ in life…” She would let Brittany have it. It was too late to break her own resolve now. The mood-lit rooms in hotels she couldn’t remember the names of; the parties in penthouse condos from which she’d returned the next afternoon. The boyfriends she’d driven away because, arrogant as they were, they thought that she would (for them!) sabotage her climb to…herself.

“Yeah,” Brittany paused, seemingly reliving events. For a split second, she furrowed her brow and tightened her grip on her paddle. “Are we going the right way?” She shrunk down to shelter a little from the wind that was gusting strong and chill, bearing scattered drops of rain.

“Yes,” Gemma stared meaningfully to her right. “That’s Ward’s Island there.” She chuckled. “If you want, we can pass by Hanlan’s Point, but I don’t think anyone’ll be on the beach this time of year.” Gemma didn’t mention it, but she was recalling the day – this exact day, several years ago – when she had first seen herself on a poster when she emerged from the subway at St. Andrew Station. How she’d wished she’d been with a group of her friends – or any other human, for that matter – for that triumphal moment. Originally, she was only supposed to be one name among many listed only in text. Peter…was his name Peter? Had overruled the committee on which crotchety Saul Gwartzman and Muriel Wong had conspired to sideline her. But Peter…it was Peter? Or Brian?…had calmly threatened to pull his company’s donations at the last minute. It would have been a breach of contract, true, but the committee knew that no lawsuit could recoup the loss of having to cancel the annual event that year. Grudgingly, the committee obliged and Gemma headlined the event, although none of her works sold at the auction following the show, except one bought by Peter – an experiment in post-structuralist feminist cubism which probably now adorned a dentist’s waiting room, if it wasn’t in the landfill….A copy of the poster hung in her own room, until it became laden with too many memories and was rolled up and sealed in a closet. How powerful the photographer – hired by Peter – had made her look! The interrogatory gaze, lips the wine-crimson of ripe cherries, accentuated against the Gothic pallor of her smooth, round face; the impudence of her pouty chin and upturned nostrils against the blackness of the backdrop and the blood red of her dress and heels…It was not yet a decade ago, but it was an eternity.

Reassured, Brittany resumed her tale: Yeah, so, okay, I didn’t fail, technically. But I stopped going to classes.”

“Dropped out.”

“I know, okay? I dunno, there was a ton of shit going on in my life. I didn’t know what I was doing any of it for. All I could see, I mean, realistically, was me in some office like 80 hours a week or not even that, like, just at McDonald’s or something worse…”

“You need to think outside the box.” Gemma observed her friend withdraw something on a necklace from within the collar of her hoodie, rub it between her fingers and kiss it. It was a crucifix, in rosewood and grey metal, with the tortured mini statue of Jesus on it. Gemma sighed benevolently. Ah, religion! Refuge for those who cannot make it in life and need to be told that this is somehow a virtuous thing. It would be like Brittany, too: she was always doing silly things to show off how empathetic she was. Rescuing abandoned kittens at the animal shelter; serving food at the soup kitchen in winter. The foolish girl hadn’t realized that no man actually cared and, honestly, she would have been noticed a hundred times more if she had simply spent those precious hours slinging drinks in a bar – any of them would hire her. Even one of the gay bars on Church Street might, just for her sheer joyful charisma. It was a sign of Brittany’s weak will that she did not seek to better herself, yet she destroyed the hopes of so many of her peers merely by existing as her beautiful, envy-inspiring self. Gemma knew, though, that not everyone could make the sacrifices needed for the climb. They were not to be pitied. They would be forgotten.

“Yeah, so, Lawrence and me were pregnant.” Brittany blurted out the news as though she were still embarrassed. And she was, for the public school system in Canada teaches women that their highest calling is drudgery in service of some corporation, while motherhood is a curse.

Gemma could already see the story before Brittany told it. ’ parents were devout Catholics; the Shame would be cast aside and blotted out. No wonder Brittany was dressed so shabbily: the hoodie, a no-name denim jacket, a knock-off Chinatown handbag. She suddenly remembered how, ten months or so previously, Brittany had messaged her, seeking advice in a serious, “help me, Big Sister” way that was highly irregular. She hadn’t even recognized the voice as Brittany’s at the time, and the profile pic next to the Facebook messages was not an actual photo but rather an anime cat. Gemma was admittedly a bit drunk – she was at a New Year’s party, held at an AirBnB she’d rented for the occasion. She had also decorated it with personal effects and brought over clothing: clean to fill the closets, dirty to fill the laundry hamper, along with half-eaten food in Tupperware containers for the fridge. It had a Lake view. Everyone was fooled. She was lolling about the balcony, smoking kreteks – part of a stock carried back from Sumatra by a longhaired backpacker that, unfortunately, Peter found out about. She hardly recalled the conversation or anything else about that night, but she did remember the flattery of being consulted as an oracle. Move out here, she’d suggested straight up. Deal with your problems, forget Lawrence, forget your parents’ objections and move out here, for your own sake. Gemma never gave advice she would not follow herself. Cut the ties holding you back, settle into one of the new condos going up. If you want to attract flies, lay out some honey. She could meet the sort of people – male people – whom she’d need out there, in the lobby, at the local clubs. Forget all the schmucks busily plowing ahead with degrees, worrying about developing boring skills or getting houses in the gross-ass suburbs. “Girl, you are a perfect being already; the universe is within you, you only have to decide to manifest it!” The kreteks were getting to Gemma’s head – she really believed the advice she was giving. The bright lights behind her shimmered on the waves like constellations. She was on top of the City, which was better than being on top of the world.

As far as Gemma knew, the other girl had taken her advice and joined her, pursuing the same dream like so many salmon swimming up the same river. It might have flickered through her head afterwards that the caller had been Brittany. But it might also have been a dozen other pretty, dream-filled girls. It didn’t matter. The more salmon in the river, the more she could know her triumph as those beside her dropped out from exhaustion or were devoured by lurking bears.

Gemma stared at her friend across the canoe with a smile, her heart filled with mercy that was the opposite of love. “I didn’t see any photos of you with a baby…” The anguish on Brittany’s face was palpable. “You did the right thing,” she was about to say, but was saved from awkwardness when Brittany cut her off.

“I told Lawrence, but she’d already died.” Brittany shrugged, smiling painfully.

“You buy all the Church’s propaganda?” Gemma snorted, but soon regretted her cruel humour. The story Brittany told had Gemma balling fists till her knuckles almost burst through the skin. Brittany, it turned out, had not taken her advice. She had told everything. They had gotten engaged and married. Worse, she had abandoned OCAD voluntarily, canceled the lease on the condo she rented, and vanished into nothing out in the suburbs – in Richmond Hill, of all places. She worked a few hours every week in a cafe owned by ’ aunt. That was it? Gemma lashed herself for being such an idiot; for briefly thinking that forgiveness was warranted for this ungrateful creature before her. Brittany wasn’t supposed to do that. It was a betrayal, to leave her friend all alone…

Yet, how could you criticize a girl like that without seeming like a monster? “But…you still have ambitions? Don’t you?” she frantically asked – nay, pleaded. “Tiffany and Roweena miss you. The guys still ask about you at the Silver Flamingo.” The first two were lies, the second was true, except none of the drunken businessmen asked for Brittany by her name because they had never learned it.

“Oh, for sure. We’re going to try again…”

“For the downpayment? If your credit history is established, which it probably is by now, you don’t need the 20%…or, you mean ? Isn’t he working at Tim Horton’s?”

“He was but he quit. Actually, he helps out at his dad’s office part time. He’s studying. His parents are cool with things.” Brittany’s lustrous eyes darted as if searching for the perfect descriptor. “We’re happy.”

“But…why?” Gemma couldn’t contain herself.

“I…well, it’s hard for me to say…” Brittany fidgeted, wringing her cold hands. “The bottom line was…we’re close, I mean, you showed me a lot about life, but…I saw what you were doing; what, I guess, you had to do to get it all: the attention, the shows, your place where you were staying and…what you did to your boyfriends, yourself and…”

“You couldn’t hack it!” Gemma thought to herself.

“…And I didn’t want to be like you.” There was no trace of mockery in her words. Only pure, honest truth.

Gemma was floored. And yet she had been preparing for this moment for weeks. Months, even. In the silence that followed the bombshell words, she witnessed Brittany’s expression change from apologetic, to thoughtful, to concerned as she saw how far out from the shore they were and as she recognized the increasing patter of raindrops spat from the darkening clouds. Gemma saw her friend’s mouth open in pleas, then in a scream, but she did not hear anything as, with laser focus, she reached below the thwart, fumbled and yanked out the plug which she had patched in a day earlier…

It did not take long to find the body but, for half a week, the papers and TV carried the photos of the beaming blonde, glowing with the promise of a Tomorrow cruelly snatched away. A Sergeant McMurtry of the Toronto Police Service informed reporters gathered at the daily presser that there had been a tragic accident, although, privately, as a son of rural Ontario and an avid outdoorsman, the Sergeant was astonished that the girls had made it out so far, in such a small craft, the hull of which had been punctured pretty bad by rocks. Naturally, he went to talk to the Belzer family, who owned the canoe and whom he was familiar with via the late Professor. The parents claimed that no one had permission to access their boathouse besides themselves, and Sophie denied telling Gemma Bledsoe that she could borrow the green Peterborough, although she admitted to knowing both the survivor and the victim socially.

Traumatized by the incident, Gemma sought comfort and attention wherever she could find it – in particular, from a devastated Lawrence. Alas, the idiot would only open up pictures of Brittany on his phone when she tried to console him, and he was cold as granite to her attempted caresses. Then there was the notice from the Landlord & Tenant Board on the door. She went to ask the manager at the Silver Flamingo for help to pay the back rent, but he saw her in the bright light of day and he was sober, therefore she did not get to set foot past the bouncer-guarded doors. With the scribble of a ballpoint pen on the application form at a Tim Horton’s on Kennedy Road north of Eglinton, Brittany’s beyond-the-grave revenge had begun.

Soborna Street Bridge

On the edge of winter the hornbeams’ relict leaves

Tinkle like golden bells amid the breeze;

A happy sigh for the peaceful sky,

As on Soborna Bridge the cars flow bustling by.

The refugees already half returned;

Surprised at seeing our People spurned,

An epiphany:

Their paradise was not reality.

Along the streetside, there’s smiling face galore,

As if, true there’s war, savouring life more:

The situation makes the heart’s eye see clearly why

Not again to let greed

And selfishness lead

Us to Heaven’s Will defy.

Remarque, Jünger and the War in Ukraine

Recently, YouTube recommendations informed me that a new film adaptation of All Quiet on the Western Front has been released. The algorithm promotes the film aggressively, so the powers that be must think it something the populace ought to see (at least in the western world – my YouTube account is in English). Since I am living in Ukraine, embroiled as it is in the largest conflict on European soil since the Second World War, naturally, the subject of war crosses my mind on a regular basis. Additionally, I have had occasion to visit a military base and refugee camps, as well as to have translated the accounts of Azovstal POWs for presentation to an international audience. Sooner or later, it may come to other things, but, as yet, it’s not bad enough for them to allow foreign citizens with no prior experience to go do the more serious stuff. In other words, while I have not killed or been killed by an enemy yet, I reckon I have as much or more credentials than the average New York blogger or London film critic to muse about these topics. The YouTube notifications took me back to high school, in Toronto, Canada, where, for many years, All Quiet on the Western Front was mandatory reading in English class, as well as being a staple of university Eng Lit courses.

Copies of Erich Maria Remarque’s novel dotted the shelves of our small school library and could be found, like all other course reading staples, for dirt cheap on the shelves of the BMV and other used bookstores in the university district centered around Yonge, Dundas and College Streets. The novel’s claim to fame was essentially that it presented an account of the First World War – widely regarded as the epitome of the worst aspects of war, concentrated – which was presumably based on the author’s firsthand experiences and was thus true. Since it was the only book most of us would ever read about the First World War (indeed, the only one which most of us would ever know about), it gained additional importance from being the source of most of the perspective that students would develop on that conflict and, indeed, war in general. All Quiet gains extra persuasive power because of a quirk of the characters of those who grew up in the soft, liberal West of the postwar era, whether in North America or western Europe: i.e. the tendency to assume that, the more despairing, hopeless and dehumanizing something is, the more real and honest it is. Thus the immense popularity of Netflix and HBO shows which are nothing but a string of arbitrary violence and debauchery – zombie apocalypses, gangsters, murderous and incestuous struggles for thrones — among a viewing public, most of whom would be terrified to even hold a gun, much less use it to earn a living or protect their loved ones, and who go through life expecting a benevolent State to coddle them and to tell them what to think, what to eat, and whether or not they are permitted to bare their faces in public.

Remarque’s novel certainly contains enough gore, fear and despair to convince the typical urban western reader of its genuineness. And, there is noone who would deny that the First World War had enough of these to fill the nightmares of centuries. Yet, when I see the film or physical copies of All Quiet on the Western Front being used in still-life photos and other imagery, as if by an inherently understood symbolic power, to comment on the war in Ukraine, I see an insidious plot in the guise of peace. Insidious from the perspective of Ukraine, that is. Perhaps the individuals who look at our war and think, “Oh, it’s just like All Quiet on the Western Front from school!” are quite unconscious of what they are advocating for. Yet, it is no accident that Remarque’s book is the representation of war in fiction for most of the liberal west, nor is it an accident that it has been mandatory reading in public schools to the exclusion of alternatives. When one digs a little deeper into the history behind the author, comparing him and his work to his contemporaries, it seems even less of an accident.

For there are alternative perspectives. Of course, among the tens of millions of soldiers who fought during the First World War, there would obviously be more than one who decided to sit down and write about it afterwards. What is most interesting, when one looks into these other perspectives, is how two people, experiencing the same event, at the same time, on the same side can come to diametrically opposed viewpoints on the experience. As soon as one realizes this, the belief that one particular author’s book/film represents The Truth becomes impossible to sustain. And this is the main reason why Remarque is taught, to the exclusion of his contemporaries who, arguably, might have been better authorities on the subject.

It is no secret that the public education systems in Canada, the major countries of the EU and most of the United States are heavily influenced by left-wing values. Whether one is speaking of issues of multiculturalism, gender, ideas of fairness and justice, or politics, it is Marxist-derived perspectives on the world that dominate. One need only look at the recurring conflicts between school boards and parents who come from more traditional backgrounds or, at least, aren’t radical liberals, everywhere from Birmingham to British Columbia. Whether this is a problem or not, I would think, should be up to the parents, but I am merely mentioning it as a fact. I am concerned with what this means for the teaching of literature about war, and, ultimately, the resulting public attitude towards war.

The liberal State, as a rule, prefers citizens who are docile, productive, good consumers and easy to control. Peace is a good thing, generally speaking. Peace facilitates prosperity and has countless other benefits which need no elaboration. What happens, however, when those who see themselves as the leaders of a society, who believe they know what is best for the world, wish to impose their vision on everyone else in that society, in their country or in others? Moreover, what happens when that vision, however utopian and perfect to its creators, is opposed by the relevant population or significant minorities within it?

Such a scenario is not hypothetical. It has happened here in Ukraine many times, most dramatically in the 1920s and 1930s, when the utopian vision (still cherished by academics and intellectuals the world over) of certain intellectuals from Moscow had to be imposed – “for the Greater Good” – upon an unwilling Ukrainian nation.

If it can be ingrained in childhood and early youth that peace is the ultimate good, one can achieve a population that will cease resistance as soon as those wishing to impose a particular vision on them show an intent to use force. As avoiding violent conflict is the highest goal, as soon as one party is willing to use violence, the other is compelled to back down – what’s more, it will believe itself virtuous and noble in so backing down.

Before getting into a deeper comparison of Remarque and his most notable counterpart, I will share an anecdote from my days in elementary school. It was a typical public school, part of the Toronto District School Board. For Remembrance Day, the school was putting on a theatre presentation. The play was about the idea of war and peace. In the plot of the play, there were two tribes (seeking wisdom from ‘primitive’ peoples, even imaginary ones, was in vogue). One was the Peace People, who danced and made merry around their huts, not unlike the Eloi in H.G. Wells’ The Time Machine. The other tribe was the War People, who devoted much of their society’s energy to training for and engaging in armed conflict. The play began with the Peace People enjoying life in blissful ignorance and the War People plotting a raid upon their gentle neighbours. Next, the War People snuck up at night and ambushed the Peace People as they slept. There was a fight. One member each – an equal number, I emphasize – of the two tribes was killed. This saddened both tribes, who forgave each other and made peace. Let the message the play was teaching, both explicit and implicit, stew in your mind as we go forward.

The same students, thus prepared, were given Remarque’s book in high school. What is the gist of the book? To be as brief as possible, it is that war is a hellish, pointless experience. Remarque’s protagonists are all eager volunteers, who think war will be a grand bit of fun. They enter combat and are horribly disillusioned. Some art killed. The main character, who, on leave, is tasked with inspiring another cohort of eager children to join the fray, is disgusted with the whole idea. Most crucial is the emphasis on the purposeless despair of it all; that it was all for nothing. Whether or not this was what the author specifically intended, the student-reader is imbued with the conviction that war is a senseless disaster, rather like a hurricane or tsunami, and that the best, smartest thing to do is to run away and avoid it. Not only is peace at all costs the smartest course of action, it is also the noblest and most virtuous: in All Quiet on the Western Front, the characters who are not overtly opposed to war are either stupid kids, or else pompous officials and brutes whose jingoism is a cloak for their actual cowardice. Nobody who is both smart and good could want anything but to avoid conflict and seek peace at all costs.

The book, like its author, first thrived in the Weimar Republic, a period seen as a fleeting heaven or a dismal hell depending on which side of the fence one stands. Hyperinflation, crushing poverty, the humiliation of defeat in the war: to many, this was a tragedy, but to a lot of the intellectuals who shape public opinion, at least in the universities and media, it was paradise. And, when one looks at what a decadent liberal society values, it is easy to see why. Poverty and a massive class divide meant that those in the bourgeoisie who retained wealth and status (like Remarque himself) instantly obtained a greater sense of superiority over their fellow men, all the more important as their typically atheistic, materialist worldview did not allow a sense of importance except via the contrast between one’s own wealth and power and the squalor and desperation of others. Prostitution, including child prostitution flourished – another delight to certain academics, filmmakers and the like (I think of certain teachers I have known, subsequently fired or sanctioned for related misconduct) who are titillated by the idea of a place that’s like Bangkok or Port-au-Prince, but with white people and more luxuries and conveniences. The humiliation of the Versailles Treaty knocked out the bourgeois liberal’s main rivals as leaders of the nation – military commanders, anointed monarchs and landed aristocrats. At least temporarily…In other words, Remarque’s book and the ideals it embodied crystallize a zeitgeist which much of the educational and cultural industries of the liberal west would wish to return to.

In many ways, they have returned to it already. No one loathes nationalism among European peoples more than the visionaries who head the European Union and associated organizations. One is reminded of the clips of Angela Merkel (who, as a Ukrainian, I will not forget, insisted on the economic partnership with Russia, the chickens of which have come home to roost), when offered a German flag at an official event, angrily batting away that colourful token of nationalism. The denigration of the Church within almost all EU states except Poland, the tolerance – nay, indulgence – shown to terrorism and its advocates within Macron’s France, the “shut your mouths in the name of multiculturalism” with which the German police responded to the women victimized in the mass sexual assaults in Cologne, and the grovelling self-flagellation inherent in numerous EU officials’ delighted proclamations of the looming erasure of their own native cultures: these and countless examples like them are well-known and speak for themselves. Is it any surprise that those whose spirit is so akin to that of their kin of a century ago are so eager to encourage the formation of an underclass of illegal immigrants, high cost of living, and a plethora of regulations which make it extremely difficult to become an entrepreneur or small proprietor unless one is among the social elite? To such people, we will always be nothing more than a source of cheap resources, desperate and attractive women, and meat to keep the Bear at bay, hoping it will not come for them.

A couple months ago, in the course of pursuing my language studies, I came across a translation of Ernst Junger’s Storm of Steel (translated in Ternopil, I believe, which would be no surprise). At one time, Junger’s book was a bestseller, as popular or more so than Remarque’s. Rather than a novel, Storm of Steel is more like a journal of Junger’s experiences in the war. In terms of the basic facts, they are no different than those described in All Quiet on the Western Front: tons of mud, oceans of blood, heaps of corpses, looming clouds of poison gas, the ceaseless explosions of the shells. There are, however, two very important differences. The first is that Junger’s work is an account of his own experiences. He was, by all measures, a fanatically brave soldier; one of the Sturmtruppen, a volunteer who was wounded at least seven times, kept returning to battle for almost the entire duration of the war, and somehow managed to live to the age of 102. He was also a devout Catholic, philosopher and entomologist. Despite it’s persuasive rhetoric of pointless despair, Erich Maria Remarque’s book was not a true story of his experiences. Presumably, he made his protagonists eager volunteers, the better to make anyone who thought the war worthwhile seem pathetic and naive. Remarque himself was an unwilling conscript, who spent all of about six weeks in a rear-line trench before shrapnel injuries from an artillery shell ended his war. In other words, he had about as much experience of war as countless ordinary civilians in Ukraine.

The second major difference between the two authors – who, again, fought in the same front, of the same war, on the same side – has already been alluded to, which is their attitude to the conflict. Junger was quite aware of the horrors of war and describes them in graphic detail. Clearly, the experience weighed heavily on his mind, as he wrestled with it in writing years after the fact. Yet, unlike Remarque, Junger did not seek an easy out, although he could have had one several times over. He did not feel the struggle he and his comrades were engaged in was pointless, and he saw value in the heroism which they and he personally embodied. It was a tragedy, but not a tragic farce. Perhaps this spirit is best encapsulated by Junger’s own words, describing his thoughts while lying wounded in a hospital train riding homeward from the battlefield after the first incident in which he was wounded. He admits that, when he signed up for the war, it had been out of the same sort of jingoistic enthusiasm mocked by Remarque. Nonetheless, having suffered what he suffered, gazing out at the rural scenery of his homeland, he had an epiphany, realizing:

“At the sight of the Neckar slopes wreathed with flowering cherry trees, I had a strong sense of having come home. What a beautiful country it was, and eminently worth our blood and our lives. Never before had I felt its charm so clearly. I had good and serious thoughts, and for the first time I sensed that this war was more than just a great adventure.” (Junger p. 33)

Contemplating these two completely different perspectives on war, it struck me as odd that, in most any setting in the liberal, urban west, if one were to quote or praise each author, one would get a very different reaction. Someone who quoted or expressed sympathy with the perspective of All Quiet on the Western Front would be seen as a wise, caring advocate of peace; someone who understands the gritty reality of the world, even if their harshest experience of that world is working as a Starbucks barista in downtown Toronto. Someone who quoted or expressed sympathy with the perspective of Storm of Steel would be laughed at as a hypocrite, naive; someone who had no idea what he was talking about, or else castigated as a fascist or some other meaningless term for politically incorrect. However, neither perspective is any more naive than the other. If anything, Junger knew what he was talking about more intimately than Remarque.

What is the relevance of all of this to the current war in Ukraine? Put simply, whether a nation as a whole has the mindset of All Quiet on the Western Front or Storm of Steel will determine its actions in this conflict and its fate as a result of it. We can see the influence of successive generations being indoctrinated with Remarque’s vision in the attitudes of many in the west. We see it in the headlines, like one from DW today, speculating about a Marshall Plan for Ukraine: people who cannot even provide light and heat to their own citizens, in one of the richest countries in the world, imagining victory in a war in which they have not spilled a single drop of blood. We see it in the advocates of peace who think the middle course is always the sign of the wise man. People, that is, who believe, in their heart of hearts, that it is better to submit to the occupation of one’s land, the theft of one’s property, and the erasure of one’s people from history than to fight, or even to simply endure in the face of hardship. If slavery to a foreign tyrant means more iPhones, Teslas, McDonalds and Prada bags, then slavery to a foreign tyrant is the rational choice. This, of course, was the view of the Remarques of the world, for whom no cause could be as valuable as pursuing a life of safe, degenerate pleasure; the hyper-intellectual goal of becoming a wad of meat completely enslaved to the basest of impulses.

And this is what we were taught, growing up. If things get bad; if there is evil attacking one’s country, then the smartest, noblest thing to do is to abandon everything and run to wherever one can pursue consumerist indulgence. The trouble is, everything that’s of the highest value in life – friends, family, love, land, culture, spirituality – is bound together. Only if we implicitly admit (only the most radical Marxist materialist will say so explicitly) that none of these things truly matter and it is only the hedonistic pursuit of consumption and pleasure that counts; only then can we accept Remarque’s viewpoint as true. Of course, most citizens of the modern west already accept this view, though they have never consciously reflected on the fact. It is because they accept that friends, family, love, culture etc. are not worth as much as an apartment in a Big City of the west and the chicness associated with such things, that they can sincerely tell us to submit. Or to run. In 1918, for a lone wealthy intellectual, there were many places to run to, where one could forget one’s friends, one’s love, abandon one’s identity and be alright (possibly with the help of a bottle). In this era of intercontinental ballistic missiles, nuclear weapons and aircraft which travel faster than the speed of sound, and where the economies and resources of all nations are tied in a knotted web, this is no longer so feasible. This is especially the case as international travel is relatively fast and cheap. When several hundred wealthy White Russian emigres would flood into Paris or Shanghai, this meant little to the economy and job markets, except at the local jewelers and fashion boutiques. When there are a several million refugees flooding into cities already burdened with the voluntarily acquired millions from Africa and the Middle East, in countries which have collapsed their own economies via years of lockdowns and the pursuit of delusional ‘green’ policies, it is a different matter. When a war far away means there is no fuel for one’s car, heat for one’s house, and food is unaffordable, then there is nowhere left to run to.

If Ukraine were to follow Remarque, we are doomed, and so is the rest of Europe, for, were all of our civilians to decide to simply run, in what for 90% will be the vain pursuit of a vision of the West which ceased to exist, even for those born in it, two or three decades ago, then what will our soldiers fight for? If anyone thinks Ukrainians are enduring, fighting and dying for “the European Perspective,” to quote Ursula von der Leyen, or for a certain percentage increase in GDP, or the stock market, they are grossly deceiving themselves. At least, from any I have spoken to (including, from an earlier iteration of this war, my grandfather who took a bullet in the arm fighting against the Red Army), it is for very much the things Junger wrote of in his journal after he was wounded that they fight. Right now, it is laughable to think of the Russian army marching to Paris or Berlin. But that is only because we have given them such a bloody brutal time of it on our soil. Were we to do the ‘sensible’ thing, and submit and flee, does any sane person think that Putin’s hordes would stop at Kyiv, or Lviv? Russian armies have marched into Paris and Berlin before. If the west has forgotten history, the Russians have not. If we follow Ernst Junger, we will save ourselves and them. Because we have something to fight and die for, Ukraine will live, whatever temporary setbacks or even disasters may occur on the battlefield. As for the Russians, one cannot enjoy one’s plundered televisions and washing machines if one is a corpse. In conclusion, the rest of Europe is lucky that, whatever some might have tried to teach us, we did not learn the same lessons in school. They must learn that peace can never be the highest goal, because the easiest way to peace is slavery.

“Allies”

Welcomed ‘warmly,’ twice in half a year,

The soul revealed as the mask is slipping clear;

Winter glistening upon the morning ground,

The swagger glimpsed in summer nowhere to be found.

Their money to Moscow, for scheming, can’t be paid,

Leaving the EUnuchs fretting the falling centigrade.

On the fields and city streets our People’s blood did flow,

While thirty times their love for us they sent unto our Foe.

Once, they were Men, who besides our Didos stood

And held the craven Bolsheviks as long as heroes could.

Soon they will bid us sign a paper, “for the Greater Good,”

As their green-mad Citizens scrounge for coal and wood;

They, who, in Eighty-Nine, cried that their land be whole,

Will order us to smiling cede what Putin’s Hordes have stole,

And they will not see the contradiction,

Demigods in their own self-written fiction.

Welfare, apartments, tons of thankless toil –

Proximity to glamour, on another master’s soil:

As an offer to one’s’ subjects, it’s really much the same

As Khrushchev and his Commissars, rebuilding, did proclaim.

Alas, there’s here a song, saying something of “Cossack Kin,”

As though the sale of dignity were a worse than mortal sin.

Yet, with will, one might forget one’s roots

And can come to love the taste of foreign boots.

Wartime Thoughts for a Friend Abroad: Blood & Soil

I see it, draped from various government buildings in town, in front of the TV station office, the school of continuing education, and, most significantly of all, on car dashboards and in the windows of apartment buildings – usually the dingy, grey concrete tower blocks situated in close proximity to the new, glitzy luxury apartments which are largely occupied by wealthy migrants from the east, many of whom (as my cousins in Ternopil would tell it) are Russians, regardless of what it says on their passports. Some of these latter will tell it to your face in private, still, as they advise you to stop learning the “Nazi” language of your ancestors, and instead study that of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, Ivan Grozny and Stalin. Anyhow, I was asked by a friend abroad to write something about the war. There are a great many things I could write. Maybe, if I have not been killed by that point, I will write them someday. For now, I will focus on a single topic. If there is one theme that has stood out in this war, it is this one, which pulses beneath the superficial headlines and the clickbait ramblings of the YouTube pundits: Blood and Soil. The colours of the red-and-black flag, referred to as the UPA or “Bandera” flag, are said to symbolize these concepts. The notion that such things can be relevant to a civilized people is abhorrent to the self-consciously liberal Good Citizen of Toronto, London, or Berlin – although they are perfectly willing to accept such beliefs on the part of subjugated, ‘primitive’ peoples who lack modern weaponry. Of course, that special, transnational type of human (for, in speaking of modern Toronto, London, Berlin etc., we are essentially speaking of the same place and people) cannot grasp the significance of blood and soil because they must not: it would shatter their entire worldview and their sense of themselves as the sole bearers of truth and the Future amid the otherwise befuddled human race.

Having spent a decade at universities in three countries, the most profound lesson of the whole experience was that, with enough money in one’s pockets, enough shiny, sterile modern architecture surrounding oneself, and enough gadgets to distract oneself, it is possible for an individual to believe that they stand outside of history; that the great, churning stew-pot of causes and effects which humanity has swirled about in since the dawn of time is no longer relevant to them, having been reduced to a curiosity for musty books and TV documentaries. Given a few decades and either oceans on each side or assurances from a (surely honest and reliable) superpower ally, it is possible for whole countries to seduce themselves into a set of self-gratifying delusions. So long as the idea is impressive enough, we are taught, it does not matter how miserably it fails in the real world, nor how many millions are slaughtered and enslaved in the attempt to realize it.

Blood and soil, as well as (any European) ethnic identity, martial glory, family, God – these are anathema to people who need to believe that one’s identity is a matter of what brands one consumes and what street one rents one’s overpriced rat-hole of an apartment or room on; that one can change the nature of one’s being with a piece of paper; that there is no higher authority than a cabal of highly educated degenerates in identical-looking suits who desperately seek to reinforce their self-importance by controlling others. If we admit these things matter, than we admit that people are not infinitely malleable. The cosmopolitan idea of one unified humanity – able to be liberated and self-actualized through unrestrained consumerism and self-indulgence – instantly becomes an impossible myth. On the other hand, we gain the opportunity, challenging and sometimes scary though it might be, to find purpose in things higher than gluttony, debauchery and obedience.

Ukraine surprised me from when I first arrived by being utterly unlike the bleak, grey industrial wasteland which Hollywood and HBO depict. Superficially, most of the jobs, goods and activities of people are the same as in Canada or the EU. Yet, the mentality of most of the Ukrainian people is completely unlike that in such places. Unlike in the metropolitan west, there is a Folk, not merely a citizenry. Here is, with a certain percentage of exceptions, a population which is clearly rooted in a specific land and shaped by a specific history. It would, by contrast, be ridiculous to pretend that the Bay Street accountant, or the hipster Starbucks barista who moved to Queen West from Sudbury for undergrad are rooted in the land or, in even a remote, subconscious way, the bearers of the ancient traditions of their tribes. There are washing machines, flatscreen TVs, smartphones, and the other innovations of modernity, and most people share the same humdrum goals and tasks of daily life as people anywhere in the world, but there is an intangible something else which has revealed dramatically in war, although it garners little serious attention.

This intangible something else is that influence of blood and soil; of an ethno-cultural heritage rooted in a particular portion of the earth, dating back thousands of years. This influence created a character – tribal at one point; eventually, national – and this character is both the reason why the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire before it both failed to successfully integrate Ukrainians into itself, and why, whatever happens on the battlefield at present, the Russian Federation will likewise fail to subjugate us.

It is a principle of the schools of thought birthed by the Enlightenment, which include both Marxism and western liberal democracy, that human beings are blank slates who can be shaped into whatever sufficiently powerful and “enlightened” thinkers (who, it is assumed, always know better than the Folk themselves) want them to be. In the metropolitan west, it is a docile consumer who holds all the politically correct views. In the USSR, famously, it was New Soviet Man, a sort of being that the enthusiastic founders of that failed utopia imagined they could create through a combination of education, material progress and coercion. This ideal was not an invention of Lenin or Trotsky. Rather, it was borrowed from the French Revolution, that unjustly revered example of Reason taken to the point of genocidal insanity. One can see the line of thought already in Victor Hugo’s Ninety-Three, where he describes the Vendéen peasants who rejected the supposed gifts of enlightenment and progress. Likewise, in H.G. Wells’ The Land Ironclads, when he describes the fictional “country folk” who fight an illogical and, Wells believed, hopeless struggle against the town dwellers’ attempts to force docility and civilization on them by means of advanced machines of war. Wells is often praised by Sci-Fi fans as something of a prophet, but, clearly, he did not foresee the wars in Vietnam or Afghanistan. The most interesting thing about the literature of New Soviet Man or its antecedents in Hugo, Wells and others is that one might read and completely comprehend the relevant words, yet come to an entirely different interpretation than what the authors intended. If one did not know the context of the works, one might just as naturally assume that the Vendéens, rural rebels, kulaks and recalcitrant nationalists were meant to be the heroes, not the villains. It all depends on what is inside the reader to begin with – call it personality, soul or what have you.

That is the crux of the matter, and it is why the New Soviet Man devised in Moscow could never become a reality in the hills and forests of Galicia, just as the enlightened citizen of revolutionary Paris could never be generated upon the dolmen-dotted moors of the Vendée: people are not blank slates, born into a void, and they never will be. When reflecting on history and confronting visions of the future, there is a bifurcation in this country. The mistake which those in Moscow, or those here, who are nostalgic for Russian rule (sadly, they exist; I have met them) make is that they think they can persuade the other side (our people) by logic and information. No amount of information will help to produce an agreement, because, even provided with a perfectly complete picture, the different souls of different people will come to diametrically opposed conclusions. Let me illustrate with a personal anecdote: two months or so ago, I had coffee and wandered about town chatting with a local intellectual, although, regardless of his passport, he would be a Russian to Lviv or Ternopil. The individual in question was an ex-Communist Party official who had represented the USSR diplomatically and, it became more and more obvious as the conversation went on, he saw those as his glory days. Gaslighting is the favourite tactic of the Russophile communist; they never argue directly, as, for instance, lawyers in the Anglo-American tradition do. Russianness, he insisted, was an essential part of Ukrainian identity; “Ukrainian” is a hybrid identity that includes Russian identity. Of course, New Soviet Man had to believe such things, and the media of the Russian Federation, and the likes of Alexander Dugin still preach this same philosophy. It might have worked on some British diplomat in London in 1985, but it did not work on me, for I have Ukrainian family. My goodness, if one tried to tell me 93-year-old grandmother that Russianness is an essential part of her identity…There were people who tried to tell that to her husband, my grandfather, a long time ago, and he killed some of them for it. Yet, to the Russian mind (regardless of passport), this is a reality, and those Ukrainians who deny their alleged Russianness are as naive and confused as people who insist the sky is not blue or that water is not wet. During the course of the same conversation, we walked past the plaque commemorating Marshal Pilsudski on Soborna Street. Marshal Pilsudski had teamed up with Symon Petliura in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921, when, briefly, Vinnytsia was the seat of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. After I said some words of praise for the Marshal, thinking he could persuade me into an epiphany, the old Bolshevik, with a sly smile on his face, suggested that Pilsudski was not a hero at all. Did I want to know more? Ah, well, he explained, Pilsudski had a chance to crush the Reds once and for all, if only he would have supported the White Russian Army. However, due to his spiteful desire to see the Russians destroy each other, we lost our chance for Imperial Russia to win the war and got the Soviets instead. His tactic failed, because he assumed I thought like his people. So? I retorted. Good. The more the Russians killed each other, the better. Who would want any Russian rule, whether it be Czarist, Soviet or Putin? The old Bolshevik shook his head in bemused dismay.

We have, on the one hand, the Russians, a people which are essentially collectivist, even centuries before the word “communism” existed; a people who tend to urbanity, science, industry, and a homogenizing mindset which drives them to constantly seek empire regardless of their flag. Czar, Chairman of the Communist Party, or elected president for life, the Russian has always instinctively formed an authoritarian state, preferring servile equality beneath an all-powerful ruler. Surprisingly, despite possessing long religious traditions, in modern times there is a pronounced secular and atheistic tendency among Russians, and one sees vastly greater religiosity the more ethnically Ukrainian a region is, to the point where, in some oblasts of western Ukraine, the last census recorded a statistical 0% “atheist or irreligious.” The state they built most recently here, the USSR, gave undoubted material progress, despite the uninformed attempts of some westerners to mock it (although I know they mean well). Compared especially to the most nationalist regions of the country in pre-Soviet times, e.g. what was then Austrian Galicia and Bukowina, the Soviet Union brought fantastic advances. Yet, what is utopia to one soul is hell to another. The Russian might have been happy to abandon the family farm for the kolkhoz; to exchange the village priest for the NKVD commissar and to replace God with the Communist Party, so long as it brought security, stability, space rockets and nuclear power, factories and the comfort of never having to think for oneself. Once again, Putin holds out this offer, and the vast majority of the public loves him for it.

The Ukrainian soul is ungrateful towards such bountiful gifts, however. The Greek Catholic Church being banned by the USSR, its adherents conducted Mass and other ceremonies in secret. The Ukrainian language being suppressed, our cunning and creative people wrote Самвидав, secret literature of dissent, better known in the English world by its Russian name, “Samizdat,” and which was often disguised in ingenious ways. If the village had to return to horse carts as before collectivization, so, people returned to horse carts (as apparently occurred in my own ancestral village after 1991). I think of my cousin, who, after graduating from university, was paid his salary in sacks of grain. Sometimes it was buckwheat kasha, sometimes millet or rice – all better than cash, which was worthless. I think of a woman in this city, younger, but still enduring the terrible poverty of the post-Independence era when she attended university in the 2000s. Students everywhere are usually broke most of the time. When I and my Canadian classmates went to university, many could not afford all their textbooks, so they made copies. This involved taking one textbook to a photocopier and making photocopies that would be bound with those plastic coils, and which were cheaper than the retail textbooks. It was not surprising that a student would have had to make copies of textbooks – however, this lady did it with a fountain pen and bottled ink, inscribing the texts by hand into blank notebooks, not unlike a Medieval monk. Needless to say, her ancestors were kulaks. A logical, scientific and progress-minded modern – even a westerner – might rationally conclude that no sane person would prefer such circumstances to the industrialized welfare state that existed before 1991, yet none of these individuals (unlike the old Bolsheviks in academia and the bureaucracy) has anything but contempt for the Soviet Union, and none would prefer a return to Russian rule, even if it came with material prosperity and reliable pensions.

Ukrainians cannot be tempted by anything Russia offers, because what is good to the Russian mind is indifferent or evil to the Ukrainian. This will become increasingly the case due to the winnowing effect of wartime migrations. Obviously, not every Ukrainian is a patriot; not everyone has the mindset of the cossacks who would rather die than be a slaves, to paraphrase Taras Shevchenko. Some are simply fearful. Then there are some who had always wished to leave; who would happily abandon their country to complete devastation and enslavement, so long as they can get into the EU and chase after a daydream of cosmopolitanism in a well-regulated Babylon, even if it is as an overworked office peon or impoverished shop clerk. Thanks to the war and the policies of various EU countries, it has been possible for them to leave. Most of the merely fearful will probably come back, if there is peace. Sometimes, they come back even before: most of the students at a private English school where I teach had left for the EU early on with their families. They, or their parents, did not like it and thus returned, war or no war. But, the sort who never loved the country and care only about chasing foreign fantasies will probably not return. In my observation, these are usually the people who would preach tolerance of the Russian cultural and linguistic presence; the people who are nostalgic for the days of (imaginary) brotherhood between nations; who cringe at the mention of the UPA, Stepan Bandera and Roman Shukhevych but who are not bothered by the hammers and sickles emblazoned on the buildings opposite the Silpo supermarket on Soborna Street. These are exactly the sort of people who, if they would be stuck here in the event the Russians came back, would, like water rolling downhill, take the path of least resistance: they would speak Russian, keep their heads down, and accept whatever they had to in order to maintain a certain standard of comfort and social approval. Now, there are a lot less of them, and new generations are growing up free from the indoctrination that hindered the development of national consciousness among their parents.

I am not one of the blind optimists who believes every sensational headline the media trots out, such as that the Russians ran out of missiles in March, or that the war was going to be won with a grand blitzkrieg in the summer which is already several months in the past. Nonetheless, I do not believe Russia can win, even if they score victories on the battlefield. The official purpose of the war, according to Russian officials – namely, to “denazify” and demilitarize Ukraine, and to somehow put an end to the suppression of Russian language and identity within Ukraine (as if those things have a right to exist here in the first place) – has been fatally undermined by the war itself. The war has shattered the myth of brotherhood for everyone except those who were already our enemies. Those who were educated in the yazik of our former overlords are making a point of speaking their own mova, and, belatedly, cities which shuffled sheepishly under the chains of their past as peripheral districts of the Russian world have rediscovered themselves as pillars of a proud and free Ukraine, while those who would eagerly lick the Russian boot, should it stomp upon their homes, pack their bags and watch fearfully as old statues topple, while Bandera flags and tryzubs sprout in profusion. From Blood and Soil we exist, and, since Russia can destroy neither, in the end we will win.